The Fantomas Centennial Omnibus Edition
Introduction: Fleurs du Mal in the Flesh
By
Wade Heaton
A century ago, a new villain was born.
The Founder of the Criminal Feast of 20th Century Supervillains is one hundred years old now, still surprisingly fresh and spine-tingling with its gory Grand Guignol blood spattering and grisly tortures of flesh and spirit.
And even now he is being reconceived and reborn as a film by Christophe Ganz, director of Brotherhood of the Wolf.
Fantomas returns yet again to haunt our nightmares.
In 1911, French readers discovered their Horror-Shock, Grisly Pulp Fiction, Arch-Criminal: Hannibal Lector, Freddy Krueger, and Jason Voorhies rolled into one. Europe’s original pulp fiction, the “Lord of Terror” Fantomas, is the anti-hero of France’s best detective thrillers. Written by Pierre Souvestre and Marcel Allain, it is one of the most influential and enduring works of popular culture published in the 20th Century.
A series of 32 novels (1911-1913), silent and sound films (1913-1964), television series (1979), and a host of products (radio plays, stage plays, comic books, graphic novels, rock bands, and even postage stamps) continue to be successful throughout much of the world. [For full list see Bibliography.] Current internet videos from Europe exhibit the continuing influence of these characters in worldwide pop culture: the faces of Fantomas and Inspector Juve are among the most popular Halloween masks on the Continent to this day. All except for the United States, where is name Fantomas is virtually unknown. However, this original King of Crime’s mark has been made and his influence still felt in virtually every genre of contemporary pop culture.
From Fu Manchu, Doctor Mabuse, Lex Luthor, to Ernst Stavro Blofeld, to Dr. Evil, the chameleon face of criminality, ever changing, ever renewing is shaped by the character Fantomas, Emperor of Crime. He relishes the lurid details of criminality, crimes, and savage mayhem, clothed in royal robes, or the rags of a street musician, or the simple habit of a homicidal nun. His last chapter escapes surpass even those of the legendary Harry Houdini, then in his prime and height of world-wide fame.
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The saga begins with a poetic dialogue in French, a spooky play on sound and meaning, a sinister catechism of creation, from chaotic formlessness to a physicalized phantom, nothing to something, nobody to somebody, whose essence is fear itself.
"Fantomas."
"What did you say?"
"I said: Fantomas."
"And what does that mean?"
"Nothing.... Everything!"
"But what is it?"
"Nobody.... And yet, yes, it is somebody!"
"And what does the somebody do?"
"Spreads terror!"
A modern reader of a translation might skip by this deceptively simple overture, but the French is very musical, emotionally evocative as Poe is in English. And at the same time, the tonal qualities of everything that follows are set, bearing phantoms of ancient tongues: phantasma (Greek, Latin) illusion or apparition. Fantomas—the phantom of evil made flesh.
The translation available here in the Fantomas Centennial Omnibus Edition is very good. Even though all translations lose much the music of the original, this version retains a taste of the florid style of the period in which it was produced, 1911-1914, and the period which it depicts, the transition from the fin de siècle to the Belle Époque, ca. 1898-1900.
The narrative proper begins in an opulent, bourgeois drawing room in Paris. The after dinner chat of the cream of Parisian society turns to criminal gossip of the day. Little do they know that each of them has a role to play as victim or desperate sleuth in the ensuing tales.
In Book 4 of the Fantomas series, L’agent Secret [The Secret Agent], a young girl asks a simple question.
"Who is Fantômas?"
Fandor stood speechless.
Ah, this question, which this young woman had asked so naturally, as if it referred to the most simple thing in the world, how often had he asked himself that same question? During how many sleepless nights had his mind not been full of it? And he had never been able to find a satisfactory answer to "Who is Fantômas?
Now behold, here was this little red-haired creature, Bobinette, who asked for the solution of this formidable, incomprehensible, unprecedented thing, wanted it straight away.
“Who is Fantomas?”
Echoes of the overture run throughout the series. The riddle never yet solved in over a century. The fluid face of evil, ever changing, ever on the verge of capture, always escaping at the final second to commit more despicable and terrifying crimes which bring the Republic near to collapse with every issue.
Little Bobinette gets her wish in an unexpected way. The eponymous Villain himself tells her:
"I am Fantômas! I am he for whom the entire world is searching, whom none has ever seen, whom none can recognise! I am Crime incarnated! I am Night! No human sees my face, because Crime and Night are featureless! I am illimitable Power! I am he who mocks at all the powers, at all the efforts, at all the forces! I am master of all, of everything; of all times and seasons. I am Death! Bobinette, thou hast said it–I am Fantômas."
That could be a verse by Baudelaire. Engendered by Poe, with biblical overtones, “Thou hast said it.” And true to the words themselves, she who beholds the face of death and evil must meet her demise before she can reveal his secrets.
Fantomas is the prototype of all super villains who followed, as both mastermind and bloody handed assassin, a Moriarty by way of Jack the Ripper. Sartre, Camus, Cocteau, all read him when they were children. Embraced by the Surrealists, one of whom dubbed him a modern Aeneas, father of a new world, of crime. This was in response to stylistic undertones that permeate every facet of the narrative. European elementary education of the period was little but parsing and memorizing Vergil and Homer. One of the main characters, Jerome Fandor, journalist and Fantomas sleuth, even calls himself “companion” to Aeneas. “Sum Fides Achates.” In context, the ironies of this statement abound. Fandor is the alter ego of a survivor of the villain’s first intrigue, and only survived to take on his new identity by the skills of Fantomas’ nemesis, Inspector Juve (who is later revealed to be the evil genius’ twin brother). Such in-bred relationships are a running commentary on upper-class mores of times.
Scattered throughout the entire series are rhetorical tropes of classical European culture. One rhetorical figure from classical literature that appears frequently, whenever the plot twists away from expectations, as in one of his utterly incredible escapes, is called Aposiopesis, “What? … How could…but he was…!” by which the speaker breaks off in silence leaving the sentence incomplete but the sense perfectly clear. This usually occurs when Fantomas has been bound hand and foot in the police van and manages to escape in time to commit crimes in the next book.
Even as Aeneas strove to escape burning Troy and found the new Roman world, so Fantomas escapes from the law every time and initiates horrendous crimes in order to bring the whole of society down, while he profits, growing ever stronger and more sinister.
The first cinema adaptation followed hard upon the success of the first monthly novels. A three part serial of the first novel appeared in 1913. They were an instant international hit. Four more four-part serials followed through 1914 when the First World War changed everything.
The authors, Marcel Allain and Pierre Souvestre, had been able to produce a new novel each month by writing alternating chapters from a pre-arranged outline. They had produced thirty-two novels in almost three years, when world events overtook them and Souvestre died of lung complications from battle. Allain produced eleven more novels throughout his long life. But the cinematic versions, television mini-series, and avant-garde metal bands keep the name of Fantomas alive even today.
The films have their place in cinema history as early great film experiences. Louis Feuillade was one of the great visionary innovators of 20th Century, known for his “fantastic realism.” The serials present a spine-tingling vision of bourgeois Paris beset by a ruthless, faceless assassin, looking to modern eyes like a perfect black suited ninja, only French and very suave. Hollywood tried to copy their success during the silent era, but the higher budgets and studio apparatus yielded only pale copies. Others followed through the 30s and the post-World War Two French version updated the action with the cutting edge of the late 40’s technology, “helicopters, electronic gadgets, and death rays.” This set the stage for the metaphorical and actual physical “facelift” of the 1960s.
I was in Verona, Italy, with an international student group, in the mid 1980’s. The recent television miniseries was rebroadcast on a German language channel and a twenty-four hour marathon of Fantomas features ran on every television set in Verona. Every common room at our hotel with a TV set, every bar & saloon, the Tabak on the corner, even ladies of the night, camped out around pirated hookups in the park between clients, everyone was glued to the set. I felt like I did when was watching The Wizard of Oz with family and friends on Color TV for the first time. It was a unifying cultural event.
The cinematic incarnation they all knew, grew up with, and imitated was the 1964 version directed by André Hunebelle. Cross James Bond with The Pink Panther, and a snappy piece of visual cinematic editing and photography, where iconic French actor Jean Marais plays the dual role of Fandor-Fantomas. (In a nice circlet of pop lit-cine references, his most famous role to date was in Jean Cocteau’s Le Belle et Le Bete [Beauty and the Beast] where he played at dual role as handsome hunk and magnificently animalistic Beast. Here, one can see and hear the phantoms of his great Beast in his Fantomas mask and makeup.) Differing from the silent and early sound portrayals, his otherworldly, alien blue makeup enhances the actor’s star quality, and playing with the idea that Fantomas—Fandor were always one and the same. And the ever shifting face of evil is the guessing game of who is Fantomas, whom Juve with makeup tricks adapted shortly afterward in America for TV shows like The Wild Wild West and Mission Impossible. Subsequent portrayals now use either the bald “Blue-Man” image, more congenial to film and “Acting Evil” or the black full face ninja mask, for mystery and nostalgia.
Everywhere I went that day and evening, shopkeepers, wait-staffs at bistros, especially at the corner trattorias, where all ages shared the well-known favorite lines and scenes, mouthing them in their own local dialects. Fantomas drinking games abounded. Even one where every time the now comedically portrayed Inspector Juve had an aposiopestic moment, “He … he wha? …How could…there’s no…Merde!” The whole place would down the local grappa and collapse in gales of laughter. The languages vary, but not the schtick. Inspector Juve has become more of a running gag comic foil on film, but the seeds were sown from the beginning.
The 1980s TV miniseries starring Helmut Berger portrayed the arch-criminal as a caped crime fighter a la Batman, no ears, but lots of cool gadgets and word play.
Looking at this Centennial Anniversary of Fantomas, this international pulp icon status deserves a fresh appraisal. He prefigured not only the bloody horrors of the 20th Century, but the pop-cult iconography the 21st. We might want to call him a Proto-Existentialist Steampunk Supervillain. There are even Nihilist hit squads (“Take it easy, Dude.”) A self defining chameleon of chaos.
Here is the beginning of it all.
Encore:
"Fantomas."
"What did you say?"
"I said: Fantomas."
"And what does that mean?"
"Nothing.... Everything!"
"But what is it?"
"Nobody.... And yet, yes, it is somebody!"
"And what does the somebody do?"
"Spreads terror!"